REPOST: 11 new genes tied to Alzheimer's disease

Alzheimer's disease, characterized by memory loss and dementia, is a fatal progressive brain disorder which medicine cannot cure as of yet. Time.com recently reported the discovery of a connection between 11 new genes and the disease, a development that may help the search for the best treatment. Read more:

Scientists have doubled the number of genes associated with Alzheimer’s disease, giving researchers twice the number of targets for drug therapies.

The genetic bonanza, reported by an international group of researchers known as the International Genomics of Alzheimer’s Project (IGAP), emerged from a study of 74,076 patients and healthy subjects from 15 countries.

Some of the new genes–which are involved with late-onset Alzheimer’s–are tied to immune response and inflammation, while others are related to cell migration and brain pathways.

Identifying so many new genes opens the opportunity for more precise drug therapies that have the chance of being more effective in treating the cognitive decline, such as memory loss, that are the hallmark of the disease.

The researchers, who published their study in the journal Nature Genetics, plan to expand the data set to look for rare variants of the genes that may help to explain the different ways the disease can develop. That may also yield clues for better drugs as well. Currently, medications can only reduce some of the cognitive symptoms of Alzheimer’s without affecting its basic disease-causing processes.

Paul Frymoyer, M.D. is dedicated to learning about breakthroughs in medicine in order to help those who need medical attention. Visit this Facebook page to find updates about modern medicine and healthcare.

REPOST: UK firm seeks to market world's first malaria vaccine

Malaria is a disease that has plagued Africa and various parts of the world without an effective means of prevention for decades. Now, a BBC article reports that global pharmaceutical leader GSK may have the first malaria vaccine that actually works.

The trial showed a reduction in cases by 25% in infants and 50% in older babies | Image source: BBC

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British drug maker GlaxoSmithKline is seeking regulatory approval for the world's first malaria vaccine after trial data showed that it had cut the number of cases in African children.

Experts say that they are optimistic about the possibility of the world's first vaccine after the trial results.

Malaria, a mosquito-borne parasitic disease, kills hundreds of thousands of people worldwide every year.

Scientists say an effective vaccine is key to attempts to eradicate it.

The vaccine known as RTS,S was found to have almost halved the number of malaria cases in young children in the trial and to have reduced by about 25% the number of malaria cases in infants.

GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) is developing RTS,S with the non-profit Path Malaria Vaccine Initiative (MVI), supported by funding from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

"Many millions of malaria cases fill the wards of our hospitals," said Halidou Tinto, a lead investigator on the RTS,S trial from Burkina Faso.

Malaria is caused by protozoan parasites that are transmitted by the bites of mosquitoes.
Image source: BBC

"Progress is being made with bed nets and other measures, but we need more tools to battle this terrible disease."

The malaria trial was Africa's largest-ever clinical trial involving almost 15,500 children in seven countries.

The findings were presented at a medical meeting in Durban, South Africa.

"Based on these data, GSK now intends to submit, in 2014, a regulatory application to the European Medicines Agency (EMA)," GSK said in a statement.

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The company has been developing the vaccine for three decades.

The statement said that the hope now is that the Geneva-based World Health Organization (WHO) may recommend the use of the RTS,S vaccine from as early as 2015 if EMA drugs regulators back its licence application.

Testing showed that 18 months after vaccination, children aged five to 17 months had a 46% reduction in the risk of clinical malaria compared to unvaccinated contemporaries.

But in infants aged six to 12 weeks at the time of vaccination, there was only a 27% reduction in risk.

A spokeswoman for GSK told the AFP news agency that the company would file its application to the EMA under a process aimed at facilitating new drugs for poorer countries.

UK politician Lynne Featherstone, International Development Minister, said: "Malaria is not just one of the world's biggest killers of children, it also burdens health systems, hinders children's development and puts a brake on economic growth. An effective malaria vaccine would have an enormous impact on the developing world.

"We welcome the scientific progress made by this research and look forward to seeing the full results in due course."

Dr. Paul Frymoyer is a physician who has travelled to Malawi, Africa to practice medicine.  He writes about his experience as a travelling nephrologist in his blog.